总结

GC 是一个复杂的系统工程，本文讨论的二十个问题尽管已经展现了一个相对全面的 Go GC。

但它们仍然只是 GC 这一宏观问题的一小部分较为重要的内容，还有非常多的细枝末节、研究进展无法在有限的篇幅内完整讨论。

从 Go 诞生之初，Go 团队就一直在对 GC 的表现进行实验与优化，但仍然有诸多未解决的公开问题，我们不妨对 GC 未来的改进拭目以待。

进一步阅读的主要参考文献

[1] Ian Lance Taylor. Why golang garbage-collector not implement Generational and Compact gc? May 2017. https://groups.google.com/forum/#!msg/golang-nuts/KJiyv2mV2pU/wdBUH1mHCAAJ

[2] Go Team. debug.GCStats. Last access: Jan, 2020. https://golang.org/pkg/runtime/debug/#GCStats

[3] Go Team. runtime.MemStats. Last access: Jan, 2020. https://golang.org/pkg/runtime/#MemStats

[4] Austin Clements, Rick Hudson. Proposal: Eliminate STW stack re-scanning. Oct, 2016. https://github.com/golang/proposal/blob/master/design/17503-eliminate-rescan.md

[5] Austin Clements. Go 1.5 concurrent garbage collector pacing. Mar, 2015. https://docs.google.com/document/d/1wmjrocXIWTr1JxU-3EQBI6BK6KgtiFArkG47XK73xIQ/edit#

[6] Austin Clements. Proposal: Separate soft and hard heap size goal. Oct, 2017. https://github.com/golang/proposal/blob/master/design/14951-soft-heap-limit.md

[7] Go Team. HTTP pprof. Last access: Jan, 2020. https://golang.org/pkg/net/http/pprof/

[8] Go Team. Runtime pprof. Last access: Jan, 2020. https://golang.org/pkg/runtime/pprof/

[9] Go Team. Package trace. Last access: Jan, 2020. https://golang.org/pkg/runtime/trace/

[10] Caleb Spare. proposal: runtime: add a mechanism for specifying a minimum target heap size. Last access: Jan, 2020. https://github.com/golang/go/issues/23044

[11] Austin Clements, Rick Hudson. Proposal: Concurrent stack re-scanning. Oct, 2016. https://github.com/golang/proposal/blob/master/design/17505-concurrent-rescan.md

[12] Rick Hudson, Austin Clements. Request Oriented Collector (ROC) Algorithm. Jun, 2016. https://docs.google.com/document/d/1gCsFxXamW8RRvOe5hECz98Ftk-tcRRJcDFANj2VwCB0/edit

[13] Rick Hudson. runtime: constants and data structures for generational GC. Mar, 2019. https://go-review.googlesource.com/c/go/+/137476/12

[14] Austin Clements. Sub-millisecond GC pauses. Oct, 2016. https://groups.google.com/d/msg/golang-dev/Ab1sFeoZg_8/_DaL0E8fAwAJ

[15] Austin Clements. runtime: error message: P has cached GC work at end of mark termination. Nov, 2018. https://github.com/golang/go/issues/27993#issuecomment-441719687

其他参考文献

[16] Dmitry Soshnikov. Writing a Memory Allocator. Feb. 2019. http://dmitrysoshnikov.com/compilers/writing-a-memory-allocator/#more-3590

[17] William Kennedy. Garbage Collection In Go : Part II - GC Traces. May 2019. https://www.ardanlabs.com/blog/2019/05/garbage-collection-in-go-part2-gctraces.html

[18] Rhys Hiltner. An Introduction to go tool trace. Last access: Jan, 2020. https://about.sourcegraph.com/go/an-introduction-to-go-tool-trace-rhys-hiltner

[19] 煎鱼. 用 GODEBUG 看 GC. Sep, 2019. https://segmentfault.com/a/1190000020255157

[20] 煎鱼. Go 大杀器之跟踪剖析 trace. Last access: Jan, 2020. https://eddycjy.gitbook.io/golang/di-9-ke-gong-ju/go-tool-trace