请先从win10应用商店里搜索安装ubuntu  , 目前centos对win10子系统支持不是特别好，ubuntu已经很成熟了

安装完ubuntu后，win+r  运行cmd  输入bash命令进入系统

sudo su     转换成超级用户

在win10环境下访问Ubuntu文件系统的home目录：
C:\Users\xxx\AppData\Local\Packages\CanonicalGroupLimited.UbuntuonWindows_79rhkp1fndgsc\LocalState\rootfs\home\xxx
在Ubuntu系统下访问win10的home目录：
/mnt/c/Users/xxx

编辑源
vim /etc/apt/sources.list  替换中科大源， 目前这个源php7.2的扩展比较齐全，截至19/8月，阿里云源已经有7.4的beta版可以安装，但扩展并不多还不成熟

deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse

保存后 sudo apt-get update 更新缓存

保存后 sudo apt-get upgrade 更新本地软件

安装常用工具包--------------------------------------------------------------

sudo apt-get -y install  

安装php7.2--------------------------------------------------------------

sudo apt list | grep php  查看源上php的版本安装包
sudo apt-get -y install php7.2  查看源中PHP7.2版本

# 安装常用扩展
sudo apt-get install php7.2-dev php-pear php7.2-fpm php7.2-mysql php7.2-curl php7.2-json php7.2-mbstring php7.2-xml

#  安装其他扩展（按需安装）
sudo apt-get install php7.2-gd
sudo apt-get install php7.2-soap
sudo apt-get install php7.2-gmp    
sudo apt-get install php7.2-odbc       
sudo apt-get install php7.2-pspell     
sudo apt-get install php7.2-bcmath   
sudo apt-get install php7.2-enchant    
sudo apt-get install php7.2-imap       
sudo apt-get install php7.2-ldap       
sudo apt-get install php7.2-opcache
sudo apt-get install php7.2-readline   
sudo apt-get install php7.2-sqlite3    
sudo apt-get install php7.2-xmlrpc
sudo apt-get install php7.2-bz2
sudo apt-get install php7.2-interbase
sudo apt-get install php7.2-pgsql      
sudo apt-get install php7.2-recode     
sudo apt-get install php7.2-sybase     
sudo apt-get install php7.2-xsl
sudo apt-get install php7.2-cgi        
sudo apt-get install php7.2-dba 
sudo apt-get install php7.2-phpdbg     
sudo apt-get install php7.2-snmp       
sudo apt-get install php7.2-tidy       
sudo apt-get install php7.2-zip

安装swoole 4.4.5--------------------------------------------------------------

cd /usr/local/etc/    
wget http://pecl.php.net/get/swoole-4.4.5.tgz
tar -xzvf swoole-4.4.5.tgz
cd swoole-4.4.5
phpize
./configure
make 
make test 
make install

vim   /etc/php/7.2/cli/php.ini

底部插入 

extension=swoole.so

保存退出

用php -m 查看是否安装成功 

安装composer--------------------------------------------------------------

apt-get install composer

composer config -g repo.packagist composer https://mirrors.aliyun.com/composer/    //配置阿里云源